Climate Analysis

extending structure across spaces

aldo van eyk

Climate Analysis

Climate Analysis of New York City and Natal, Brazil.

pavilion- 2010 nov-dec details magazine

in keeping with my conversation with gregory from the blog, everyone should look at architecture like the above...inorder to ask how a system becomes an architecture- here it is analogous to the pool.

Section Diagram (Updated)

The Water Temple - Tado Ando

Awajishima Island, Japan / February 2002, find section to see how the rain water pool is supported by
center stair going through the pool

http://figure-ground.com/water_temple/

roof landscape

cantilever

site diagram, please include the bay system shown here and how it relates to the other surrounding bays

josh, pls post after complete

precendent for scaled volumes assembling the city

relates to a few of your thoughts

http://www.graftonarchitects.ie/work/projects/project.php?resource_id=225

steven holl, light construction book

absorbing, reflecting structure skin

pool on water base

monumental base scheme

in book called 16 houses

yale beinecke library

possible project section, pool at grade

due tuesday, as discussed at end of lecture

concepts from kahn

 double beam makes a trough for light/ air flor

 concept discussion from book mentioned

jorn utzon, kuwait national assembly

similar to kahn, look this up, copy plans and sections

kahn, 1st unitarian church, rochester ,ny

book called lousi i kahn by romaldo giurgola, jaimini mehta

Structural Concepts

Variations of a structural Idea.

Design 6-Additional Info for Systems-Sustainability Assignments 1

Design 6-Additional Info for Systems-Sustainability Assignments 1

All,
Please find attached the heat loss calculation presentation and the
links
to the ecotect tutorials:

tutorials:
http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/archive/ecotect/tutorials/tutorials.htm

more ecotect info here:
http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/

as discussed, ecotect can be downloaded for free with an .edu email
adress at the autodesk website.



Please also note that on Assignment 2. 1, the initial site shading
diagrams should be done on Mar/Sept 21, June 21, and Dec 21 (not Jan
21) at 9am, 12 noon, and 4pm. This is different from the Facade
Shading Explorations.

If you have not already completed the site shading diagrams, please
do so for Tuesday's class.

Best,
Prof. fink

--
Janet Fink AIA, LEED AP
Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture
New York Institute of Technology

Section Diagram of Site

Elevations of surrounding site

These are the surrounding elevations of what will appear behind the elevations of site. The elevations are at 1/36"=1'-0".

Environmental Facades Research

Some info regarding passive/active system studies/outcomes

Environmental facades

Recent Building facades are expected to provide interior comfort, a feeling of openness, and in addition to saving energy. YKK AP is developing environmental facades, as a technology able to save energy, while delivering comfort by optimizing the interior environment, and cutting consumption.

In the development process towards a facade design integrated with the building, it is essential to consider how the shading and insulation performance of the openings impacts energy saving and comfort. We will now present four types of environmental facade.

Categories of environmental facades

Low-E glass and internal blinds

• Blinds are located on the interior side
• The heat from solar gain is absorbed, reflected by blinds on the interior side, and is radiated from the room.
• Solar shading property is low.
• Thermal Insulative property is equal to the glazing.

Solar heat gain coefficient
η=0.30~0.55 η=approx.
Thermal transmittance
U=1.5 2.4 W/m2 K U=approx.
*Above values vary with the property of glass and blind

External blinds type

• Blinds are located on the exterior side
• The heat from solar gain is absorbed, reflected by blinds on the interior side, and is radiated from the room.
• Solar shading property is high.
• Thermal Insulative property is equal to the glazing.

Solar heat gain coefficient
η=0.05～0.10 η=approx.
Thermal transmittance
U=1.5 2.4 W/m2 K U=approx.
*Above values vary with the property of glass and blind

Mechanically ventilated type

• This type uses double-pane glass with blinds between the panes, and pass air from the room interior through the cavity by mechanical ventilation.
• The solar heat absorbed by blinds is removed by mechanical ventilation.
• Solar shading property is high.
• Thermal Insulative property is higher than double-pane glass, due to the airflow in the cavity between the panes. (Varies with the air flow rate)

Solar heat gain coefficient
η=0.15～0.25 η=approx.
(when mechanical ventilation is on.)
Thermal transmittance
U=0.5～1.0（W/m2・K） U=approx.
(when mechanical ventilation is on.)
＊Above values vary with the property of glass and blind and air flow rate

Naturally ventilated type

• This type uses double-pane glass with blinds between the panes, and pass air from outside through the cavity by stack effect.
• The solar heat absorbed by blinds is removed by ventilation.
• Solar shading property is high.
• Thermal Insulative property is higher than inner glazing.

Solar heat gain coefficient
η=0.10～0.20 η=approx.
Thermal transmittance
U=1.5～3.5（W/m2・K） U=approx.
＊Above values vary with the property of glass and blind

Thermal property of facade and thermal load of perimeter zone

The relation between solar shading/ thermal insulation property of facade and thermal load of perimeter zone can be described as below.

• Solar shading property is high = Low cooling load and high heating load[Figure 1-(A)]
• Thermal insulative property is high = High cooling load and low heating load[Figure 2-(C)]

In a warm area such as Tokyo, cooling loads account for the bulk of heating and cooling loads, the superior solar shading property of the facade is effective in reducing thermal loads all year round. It is vital to select the right facade system, with careful consideration of the balance between solar shading property and thermal insulation property, taking the region and orientation into account.

Thermal property of facade and interior comfort

For occupants of the building interior, comfort is important, not just energy saving. To secure comfort in the perimeter zone close to the facade, the temperature of the interior surface of the facade must be maintained at an appropriate level.

＜Summer and intermediate season＞
When the solar heat raise the temperature of the interior surface. → Room is maintained at an appropriate level but occupants around window feel hot.

＜Winter＞
When nighttime and cloudy weather fall the temperature of the interior surface. → Room is maintained at an appropriate level but occupants around window feel cold.

＊A facade with superior solar shading and thermal insulation property mitigates the impact of the changing exterior environment, reducing changing in the interior surface temperature of the facade to maintain comfort in the interior. Selection of the right facade system is also important for interior comfort as an assessment indicator.

Structural analysis

Besides a esthetic design and functionality as cladding, the curtain walls which form building facades require verification of structural performance values as the exterior walls of structure.

From the basic structure stage, we work through structural analysis simulations to realize the specifics of the facade design image, which is based on the architect’s design, and the performance requirements.

This process is a comprehensive verification of the form, strength and durability of the entire facade to the original components are conducted by our staff teams of design, manufacturing and construction sharing a common understanding.

Thermal analysis

Progress in construction and structural analysis techniques in recent years has dramatically expanded the range of expressive techniques available in the surface design of buildings, typified by all-glass facade design. With that progress, it has become important to take action to reduce CO2, against climate change, and reduce running costs at the facility maintenance stage, besides the obvious need to control the indoor thermal environment.
Optimize the indoor environment while minimizing energy consumption – YKK AP is pursuing the technical development of environment-conscious facades as a way to reconcile these conflicting demands.
Alongside design and construction, we also use high-precision thermal environment simulations to verify the development of insolation control, ventilation and other technologies.

Thermal performance from the development of Double-skin facade System, environment-friendly facades, and implementation of basic experiments.

Environmental measurements for room interiors using actual-size mockups. Measurement of interior surface temperatures using thermal imaging.

In developing double skin systems, we have pursued system optimization through thermal analysis, fluid analysis, actual-size trials and performance assessment.

The building of simulation technology

Heat and fluid flow simulation

Trial in outdoor environment laboratory

Indoor comfort evaluation using PMV

Performance assessment of double-skin systems introduce thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.
The flow of air inside the central air layer, which varies with environmental and physical conditions are analyzed to find the temperature and heat flow of each component, and to predict and assess performance. This is a technology to predict results closer to reality, built through cross-referencing for consistency with data from the basic experimental research.

Development of peripheral technologies

Flowing sound measurement of the environment / Wind velocity measurement of inner / middle air layer

The double skin system holds a large isobaric space, extending to the outside, so its behavior against weather differs from a normal window system.
The way the wind pressure is divided and borne by the internal and external glass panes when the window is exposed to wind is a major design issue which must be solved.
Beyond thermal performance, experiments on technical developments such as wind pressure and water resistance are also required to develop peripheral technologies.

see the cataloge here:

http://www.ykkapfacade.com/publications/

http://www.ykkapfacade.com/index.html

Scheme Model & Drawings

So here are the pool images I printed out the other day. Any questions about structure, functionality, et cetera just ask...

West Spring Washington, Feb 22 Section Axon

D6 sustainability system assignments

This is what was in email.

All,
The deadlines for Assignments issued last week:

#1 (Climate Analysis) is due on Tuesday for MA.
#2.1a (Shadow Diagrams of Site) is due ASAP. We'll make this due next
Tuesday in MA.
#2.1b (South & West Facade Shading Explorations) is due at the midterm.
#2.2 (U-value and Heat Loss Calcs) is due at the workshop in studio
on 4/1 in MA and 4/8 in OW.
#2.3 (Active Systems Design) is due at the workshop in studio on 4/1
in MA and 4/8 in OW.

The assignment is attached. We'll try to make sure that the reference
materials are on reserve.

See you on Friday at the Structures/Facade lecture, and thank you
very much for your patience last week with the late start.

Best,
Janet
--
Janet Fink AIA, LEED AP
Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture
New York Institute of Technology


All,

The deadlines for Assignments issued last week:

#1 (Climate Analysis) is due on Tuesday for MA.

#2.1a (Shadow Diagrams of Site) is due ASAP. We'll make this due next Tuesday in MA.

#2.1b (South & West Facade Shading Explorations) is due at the midterm.

#2.2 (U-value and Heat Loss Calcs) is due at the workshop in studio on 4/1 in MA and 4/8 in OW.

#2.3 (Active Systems Design) is due at the workshop in studio on 4/1 in MA and 4/8 in OW.

The assignment is attached. We'll try to make sure that the reference materials are on reserve.

See you on Friday at the Structures/Facade lecture, and thank you very much for your patience last week with the late start.

Best,

Janet

--

Janet Fink AIA, LEED AP

Adjunct Associate Professor of Architecture

New York Institute of Technology

Site Visit thoughts

the site visit was very informative, it calls for invention on how to deal with the unfriendly surrounding traffic conditions:  which can mean lifting the ground, being acoustically treated within the ground, or avoiding the ground. The amenity of the site  is the view to the water .The water is the context on many levels: the site and the program; so lets rise to this occasion and respond to this site!

ds+r project above makes an interesting statement with the ground and inviting people in ... like those coming from the residential units of Spring street on the corner which peels open the ground to go down or up around a filtered skin.

drawings due tuesday, scale to match model

intent for model is to show floor layers relative to ground, volume massing, structure direction relative to volume; this makes three models: planes, mass, structure form: all representatives of an intent in its context.
if you did not recieve a handout from friday, i will provide tuesday.

Concept Structure - Pool on Second Level

Ecotect Analysis

Has anyone found some good tutorials for Ecotect Analysis? Youtube has some tutorials but they jump around a lot.

Also has anyone been able to import the epw file into Climate Consultant? I was having trouble with this.

Thanks